On June 23, the Middle Eastern countries, Israel and Iran , began a gradual ceasefire , which was announced by the President of the United States, Donald Trump.

Donald Trump congratulated the resistance of both countries during the '12-Day War', a term he coined when announcing the ceasefire, which will take place in the next six hours.

But what really happened in the clashes between these countries? Here's a breakdown of the events.

Start of the war between Israel and Iran

The conflict between Israel and Iran began after Shah Reza Pahlavi left office (1941–1979).

Iran was then a major supplier of oil to Israel, which proved crucial in a period of rising oil prices, and was also a close political and military ally.

Thus, since October 2005, the disputes between the two Middle Eastern countries began, as the ultra-conservative Iranian president at the time, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, took up Ayatollah Khomeini's phrase, which states that"Israel must be wiped off the map."

However, it was on June 12 of this year that the 'war' clashes between Israel and Iran began.

Israel attacks military bases in Iran: June 12

Israel reported that dozens of aircraft completed the first stage of the attack against Iranian military targets, including nuclear bases in different affected areas of the country.

"Today, Iran is closer than ever to obtaining a nuclear weapon. Weapons of mass destruction in the hands of the Iranian regime pose an existential threat to the State of Israel and the world at large," they charged.

???????????? This is what the damage to Tehran buildings looks like after Israel's attack on Iran ????????

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— Milenio (@Milenio) June 13, 2025

Oil prices rise up to 6% after Israel's attack on Iran

Following Israel's attack on Iran, Gabriela Siller, director of Economic Analysis at Banco Base, reported on her X account that the price of oil rose more than 6 percent in response to the news.

Oil prices rise more than 6% on news of the attack on Iran.

— Gabriela Siller Pagaza (@GabySillerP) June 13, 2025

In an interview with MILENIO , Siller commented that one of the reasons why the price of oil is rising is due to"the risk at a global level, since we live in a globalized world where currencies, the Mexican peso for example, are quoted in a free-floating regime, since they are quoted against the dollar and the dollar reacts."

Iran responds to Israel with fourth wave of missiles: June 13

Iran launched a fourth wave of missiles at Israel in the early hours of Saturday, June 13, setting off alarms in several areas of the country, the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) reported.

A few minutes later, the same army told the Israeli population that the threat had passed and that they could"leave the protected areas."

The IDF again reported that it had identified new missiles launched from Iran and again told civilians to take cover.

Iron Dome, Israel's next-generation defense

The Israeli Iron Dome air defense system has intercepted miles of rockets since its implementation in 2011, offering important protection in times of conflict.

It has been widely used to protect military and civilian sites from frequent rocket fire from Gaza and Lebanon in the ongoing war between Israel and the Palestinian Islamist movement Hamas.

EU offers ceasefire between Israel and Iran: June 16

French President Emmanuel Macron said the United States made a ceasefire offer to Iran and Israel on June 16, demonstrating that seeking regime change in Tehran would be a strategic mistake.

"There is an offer. Indeed, an offer of meeting and exchange has been made. There is an offer of a ceasefire and of launching more extensive talks," he noted.

"If the United States can obtain a ceasefire, that's a very good thing. We'll have to see what else happens," the French president said at a press conference at the resort where the G7 leaders' summit is being held.

Iran and EU hold talks after Israeli attacks: June 19

U.S. special envoy Steve Witkoff and Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi have spoken by phone several times since Israel began its attacks on Iran in an attempt to find a diplomatic end to the crisis, three diplomats told Reuters.

According to the diplomats, who asked not to be identified because of the sensitivity of the matter, Araqchi said Tehran would not return to negotiations unless Israel stopped the attacks, which began on June 13.

Israel issues new evacuation order for Iranian industrial zone

The Israeli army issued a new evacuation order for residents of an industrial zone in northern Iran near the Dead Sea coast early Friday morning, June 19 (local time), ahead of an attack.

IDF spokesman for Arab media, Avichay Adraee, issued an urgent evacuation notice to residents of the Sefidrud industrial zone, about 300 kilometers northwest of Tehran,"in preparation for IDF strikes in the area against the Iranian regime's military infrastructure."

EU attacks nuclear facilities in Iran: June 21

"Now is the time for peace," says Trump

US President Donald Trump reported that nuclear facilities in Iran were attacked, including Fordow, Natanz and Isfahan.

Through the Truth Social network, the US president said that the participating planes are outside Iranian airspace.

"A full bomb load was dropped at the main site, Fordow. All aircraft are safely on their way home. Congratulations to our great American Warriors," he said.

The IAEA wants to see Iran's nuclear sites

The director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) demanded this Monday, June 23, access to Iranian nuclear facilities to evaluate the reserves of highly enriched uranium, close to the threshold that allows the manufacture of an atomic bomb.

"We must allow inspectors to return on-site and inspect the uranium stockpile, especially the 400 kg enriched to 60 percent," Rafael Grossi said at the start of an emergency meeting of the agency at its headquarters in Vienna, Austria.

He revealed that Tehran had written to him on June 13, the day of the Israeli attack, asking for"special measures to protect the equipment and nuclear material."

Diplomacy or "regime change"

Russian President Vladimir Putin criticized the attacks on Tehran as unjustified "aggression" after receiving Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi, whose country is an ally of Russia, in Moscow.

Araqchi said the United States"betrayed diplomacy" by attacking Iran two days before a new round of negotiations on Iran's nuclear program, scheduled for June 14 in Oman.

Donald Trump suggested on Sunday that"regime change" in Iran is possible.

"It is not politically correct to use the term 'regime change,' but if the current Iranian regime can't Make Iran Great Again, why wouldn't there be regime change? CRUMBS!!!" Trump posted on his Truth Social platform, playing on his famous acronym MAGA, as the ultra-conservative American"Make America Great Again" movement is known.

Concern over the Strait of Hormuz

The Chinese Foreign Ministry urged all parties involved in the conflict to"resolutely prevent the spread of the war and return to the path of a political solution."

The Asian giant, which imports Iranian oil, also warned of the impact of the war on the global economy and international trade in the Gulf.

On this issue, US Foreign Minister Marco Rubio urged China to help dissuade Iran from closing the key trade route of the Strait of Hormuz, through which 20 percent of the world's crude oil production passes.

"Closing the Strait of Hormuz would be extremely dangerous," warned EU foreign minister Kaja Kallas.

Around 84 percent of the oil transiting this route off the coast of Iran is destined for China, India, South Korea, and Japan.

Iran warns of"extension of war": June 23

In reaction to the US stealth bomber attacks on Sunday, which dropped bunker-busting bombs for the first time, the Iranian military warned Washington, warning of the risk of an"extension of the war" in the region.

"The militants of Islam will inflict serious and unpredictable consequences on them with powerful (military) operations," Ebrahim Zolfaghari threatened on state television.

An adviser to Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran's supreme leader, said Sunday that the United States"no longer has a place" in the Middle East and "must face irreparable consequences."

Iran attacks EU bases in Qatar

This morning, Iran fired missiles at US bases in Qatar and Iraq in an operation called 'Blessing of Victory', the official Iranian news agency Irna reported on Monday.

Iranian state television reported that the Islamic Republic launched a powerful response to the US aggression, after Washington bombed Iranian nuclear facilities over the weekend.

Qatar closes airspace after Iranian attack

The attack led Qatar to close its airspace as a precaution. Following the incident, airports across the Gulf began announcing canceled, delayed, and rerouted flights.

Data from Flightradar24, which tracks air traffic in real time, showed planes returning and being rerouted from the United Arab Emirates.

UN condemns Iranian attack in Qatar

UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres condemned Iran's attack on Qatar and reiterated to the parties to"end the fighting," "deeply alarmed" by the new escalation of the conflict in the Middle East.

"Since the beginning of the crisis, the Secretary-General has repeatedly condemned any military escalation in this conflict, including today's attack by Iran on the territory of Qatar," Guterres said in a statement released by his spokesperson, Stéphane Dujarric, in which he"reiterates his call on all parties to end the fighting."

Trump announces ceasefire between Iran and Israel: June 23

The President of the United States called this event the "12-Day War."

Donald Trump reported that Israel and Iran agreed to stop targeted attacks, this Monday, June 23, which means a ceasefire between the two Middle Eastern countries.

Through his Truth Social account, the president explained that peace between the two countries will occur in approximately six hours